![]() Further docks were built here in 1727, 17. In the nearby parish of Stoke Damerel the first dockyard, HMNB Devonport, opened in 1690 on the eastern bank of the River Tamar. It played a part in the Atlantic slave trade during the early 18th century, although it was relatively small. Local sailors turning to piracy such as Henry Every became infamous, celebrated in the London play The Successful Pyrate. By the mid-17th century, commodities manufactured elsewhere in England cost too much to transport to Plymouth, and the city had no means of processing sugar or tobacco imports, major products from the colonies. Throughout the 17th century, Plymouth had gradually lost its pre-eminence as a trading port. Unloading mail by hand from the Sir Francis Drake at Millbay Docks, March 1926 See Plympton for the derivation of the name Plym. The name Plymouth first officially replaced Sutton in a charter of King Henry VI in 1440. The name Plym Mouth, meaning "mouth of the River Plym" was first mentioned in a Pipe Roll of 1211. At the time this village was called Sutton, meaning south town in Old English. As the river silted up in the early 11th century, mariners and merchants were forced to settle downriver, at the current day Barbican near the river mouth. The settlement of Plympton, further up the River Plym than the current Plymouth, was also an early trading port. An ancient promontory fort was located at Rame Head at the mouth of Plymouth Sound with ancient hillforts located at Lyneham Warren to the east, Boringdon Camp and Maristow Camp to the north. An unidentified settlement named TAMARI OSTIA (mouth/estuaries of the Tamar) is listed in Ptolemy's Geographia and is presumed to be located in the area of the modern city. Upper Palaeolithic deposits, including bones of Homo sapiens, have been found in local caves, and artefacts dating from the Bronze Age to the Middle Iron Age have been found at Mount Batten, showing that it was one of few principal trading ports of pre-Roman Britannia dominating continental trade with Armorica. See also: Timeline of Plymouth Early history Plymouth is categorized as a Small-Port City using the Southampton System for port-city classification. ![]() It has the largest operational naval base in Western Europe, HMNB Devonport, and is home to the University of Plymouth. ![]() ![]() It has ferry links to Brittany ( Roscoff and St Malo) and to Spain ( Santander). Plymouth's economy remains strongly influenced by shipbuilding and seafaring but has tended toward a service economy since the 1990s. It is governed locally by Plymouth City Council and is represented nationally by two MPs. The city is home to 264,695 (2021) people, making it the 30th-most populous built-up area in the United Kingdom and the second-largest city in the South West, after Bristol. Subsequent expansion led to the incorporation of Plympton, Plymstock, and other outlying suburbs, in 1967. After the war, the city centre was completely rebuilt. During World War II, due to the city's naval importance, the German military targeted and partially destroyed the city by bombing, an act known as the Plymouth Blitz. the county borough of Plymouth, the County Borough of Devonport, and the urban district of East Stonehouse were merged, becoming the County Borough of Plymouth. In 1914, three neighbouring independent towns, viz. The neighbouring town of Devonport became strategically important to the Royal Navy for its shipyards and dockyards. Throughout the Industrial Revolution, Plymouth grew as a commercial shipping port, handling imports and passengers from the Americas, and exporting local minerals ( tin, copper, lime, china clay and arsenic). During the English Civil War, the town was held by the Parliamentarians and was besieged between 16. In 1620, the Pilgrim Fathers departed Plymouth for the New World and established Plymouth Colony, the second English settlement in what is now the United States of America. In 1588, an English fleet based in Plymouth intercepted and defeated the Spanish Armada. This settlement continued as a trading post for the Roman Empire, until it was surpassed by the more prosperous village of Sutton founded in the ninth century, now called Plymouth. Plymouth's early history extends to the Bronze Age when a first settlement emerged at Mount Batten. It is bordered by Cornwall to the west and south-west. It is located on the south coast of Devon, approximately 36 miles (58 km) south-west of Exeter and 193 miles (311 km) south-west of London. Plymouth ( / ˈ p l ɪ m ə θ/ ( listen)) is a port city and unitary authority in South West England.
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